Dan Olsson: 1 version

2013-02-24T19:20:45Z

1 version

Ny sida

Den '''kovalenta [[radie]]n''' definieras som halva [[bindningslängd]]en när två likadana [[atom]]er sitter ihop med enkel bindning i en [[neutral]] [[molekyl]].

== Tabell över kovalenta radier ==
Dessa är själv-konsistent beräknade kovalenta radier för bindningar<ref>{{Tidningsref |författare = Pekka Pyykkö, Michiko Atsumi|titel = Molecular single-bond covalent radii for elements 1 - 118|tidning = Chemistry: A European Journal|datum = 2009|volym = 15|sidor = 186-197|doi = 10.1002/chem.200800987}}, {{Tidningsref |författare = Pekka Pyykkö, Michiko Atsumi|titel = Molecular Double-Bond Covalent Radii for Elements Li-E112|tidning = Chemistry: A European Journal|datum = 2009|volym = 15|sidor = 12770-12779|doi = 10.1002/chem.200901472}}{{Tidningsref |författare = Pekka Pyykkö, Sebastian Riedel, Michael Patzschke|titel = Triple-Bond Covalent Radii|tidning = Chemistry: A European Journal|datum = 2005|volym = 11|sidor = 3511-3520|doi = 10.1002/chem.200401299}}</ref>. Summan av två radier ger en bindningslängd, dvs. ''R''(AB)=''r''(A)+''r''(B). Samma iterativa, själv-konsistenta metod användes för att anpassa en model för kovalenta radier för tetraedriska system.<ref name="Tet">{{cite journal|author=P. Pyykkö,|title=Refitted tetrahedral covalent radii for solids|journal=Physical Review B|volume=85|year=2012|issue=2|pages=024115, 7 p |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.85.024115}}</ref>

<center>
{|style="width: 90%"
|- align="center"
|[[Alkalimetaller|1]]
|[[Alkaliska jordartsmetaller|2]]
|[[Grupp 3-element|3]]
|[[Grupp 4-element|4]]
|[[Grupp 5-element|5]]
|[[Grupp 6-element|6]]
|[[Grupp 7-element|7]]
|[[Grupp 8-element|8]]
|[[Grupp 9-element|9]]
|[[Grupp 10-element|10]]
|[[Myntmetaller|11]]
|[[Zinkgruppen|12]]
|[[Borgruppen|13]]
|[[Kolgruppen|14]]
|[[Kvävegruppen|15]]
|[[Syregruppen|16]]
|[[Halogen|17]]
|[[Ädelgas|18]]
|-
|colspan="20"| 
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border: 2px solid black;"|1 [[Väte|H]] 32 - -
|colspan="3"| 
|style="text-align:left;color:black;border:2px solid black" colspan="6"|[[Atomnummer]] [[Grundämne]] [[enkelbindning]] (i pm) [[dubbelbindning]] (i pm) [[trippelbindning]] (i pm)
|colspan="7"| 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|2 [[Helium|He]] 46 - -
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|3 [[Litium|Li]] 133 124 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|4 [[Beryllium|Be]] 102 90 85
|colspan="10"| 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|5 [[Bor|B]] 85 78 73
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|6 [[Kol|C]] 75 67 60
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|7 [[Kväve|N]] 71 60 54
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|8 [[Syre|O]] 63 57 53
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|9 [[Fluor|F]] 64 59 53
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|10 [[Neon|Ne]] 67 96 -
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|11 [[Natrium|Na]] 155 160 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|12 [[magnesium|Mg]] 139 136 127
|colspan="10"| 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|13 [[aluminium|Al]] 126 113 111
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|14 [[kisel|Si]] 116 107 102
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|15 [[fosfor|P]] 111 102 94
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|16 [[svavel|S]] 103 94 95
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|17 [[klor|Cl]] 99 95 93
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|18 [[argon|Ar]] 96 107 96
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|19 [[Kalium|K]] 196 193 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|20 [[kalcium|Ca]] 171 144 133
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|21 [[skandium|Sc]] 148 116 114
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|22 [[titan|Ti]] 136 117 108
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|23 [[vanadin|V]] 134 112 106
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|24 [[krom|Cr]] 122 111 103
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|25 [[mangan|Mn]] 119 105 103
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|26 [[Järn|Fe]] 116 109 102
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|27 [[kobolt|Co]] 111 103 96
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|28 [[nickel|Ni]] 110 101 101
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|29 [[koppar|Cu]] 112 115 120
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|30 [[zink|Zn]] 118 120 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|31 [[gallium|Ga]] 124 117 121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|32 [[germanium|Ge]] 124 117 121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|33 [[arsenik|As]] 121 114 106
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|34 [[selen|Se]] 116 107 107
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|35 [[brom|Br]] 114 109 110
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|36 [[krypton|Kr]] 117 121 108
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|37 [[rubidium|Rb]] 210 202 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|38 [[strontium|Sr]] 185 157 139
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|39 [[yttrium|Y]] 163 130 124
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|40 [[zirkonium|Zr]] 154 127 121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|41 [[niob|Nb]] 147 125 116
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|42 [[molybden|Mo]] 138 121 113
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|43 [[teknetium|Tc]] 128 120 110
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|44 [[rutenium|Ru]] 125 114 103
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|45 [[rodium|Rh]] 125 110 106
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|46 [[palladium|Pd]] 120 117 112
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|47 [[silver|Ag]] 128 139 137
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|48 [[kadmium|Cd]] 136 144 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|49 [[indium|In]] 142 136 146
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|50 [[tenn|Sn]] 140 130 132
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|51 [[antimon|Sb]] 140 133 127
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|52 [[tellur|Te]] 136 128 121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|53 [[jod|I]] 133 129 125
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|54 [[xenon|Xe]] 131 135 122
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|55 [[cesium|Cs]] 232 209 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|56 [[barium|Ba]] 196 161 149
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;"|* 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|72 [[hafnium|Hf]] 152 128 121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|73 [[tantal|Ta]] 146 126 119
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|74 [[volfram|W]] 137 120 115
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|75 [[rhenium|Re]] 131 119 110
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|76 [[osmium|Os]] 129 116 109
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|77 [[iridium|Ir]] 122 115 107
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|78 [[platina|Pt]] 123 112 110
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|79 [[guld|Au]] 124 121 123 </td>
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|80 [[kvicksilver|Hg]] 133 142 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|81 [[tallium|Tl]] 144 142 150
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|82 [[bly|Pb]] 144 135 137
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|83 [[vismut|Bi]] 151 141 135
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|84 [[polonium|Po]] 145 135 129
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|85 [[astat|At]] 147 138 138
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|86 [[radon|Rn]] 142 145 133
|-

|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|87  [[francium|Fr]] 223 218 -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|88 [[radium|Ra]] 201 173 159
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;"|** 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|104 [[rutherfordium|Rf]] 157 140 131
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|105 [[dubnium|Db]] 149 136 126
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|106 [[seaborgium|Sg]] 143 128 121
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|107 [[bohrium|Bh]] 141 128 119
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|108 [[hassium|Hs]] 134 125 118
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|109 [[meitnerium|Mt]] 129 125 113
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|110 [[darmstadtium|Ds]] 128 116 112
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|111 [[röntgenium|Rg]] 121 116 118
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|112 [[Copernicium|Cn]] 122 137 130
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|113 [[ununtrium|Uut]] 136 - -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|114 [[flerovium|Fl]] 143 - -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|115 [[ununpentium|Uup]] 162 - -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|116 [[livermorium|Lv]] 175 - -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcfecc;color:#cccccc;"|117 [[ununseptium|Uus]] 165 - -
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ecfefc;black;border:2px dashed black;"|118 [[ununoctium|Uuo]] 157 - -
|-
|colspan="21"| 
|-

|colspan="3" style="text-align:right"|* [[Lantanoider]]
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|57 [[lantan|La]] 180 139 139
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|58 [[cerium|Ce]] 163 137 131
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|59 [[praseodym|Pr]] 176 138 128
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|60 [[neodym|Nd]] 174 137 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|61 [[prometium|Pm]] 173 135 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|62 [[samarium|Sm]] 172 134 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|63 [[europium|Eu]] 168 134 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|64 [[gadolinium|Gd]] 169 135 132
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|65 [[terbium|Tb]] 168 135 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|66 [[dysprosium|Dy]] 167 133 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|67 [[holmium|Ho]] 166 133 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|68 [[erbium|Er]] 165 133 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|69 [[tulium|Tm]] 164 131 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|70 [[ytterbium|Yb]] 170 129 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|71 [[lutetium|Lu]] 162 131 131
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:right"|** [[Aktinoider]]
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|89 [[aktinium|Ac]] 186 153 140
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|90 [[torium|Th]] 175 143 136
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|91 [[protaktinium|Pa]] 169 138 129
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|92 [[uran|U]] 170 134 118
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|93 [[neptunium|Np]] 171 136 116
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;"|94 [[plutonium|Pu]] 172 135 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|95 [[americium|Am]] 166 135 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|96 [[curium|Cm]] 166 136 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|97 [[berkelium|Bk]] 166 139 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|98 [[californium|Cf]] 168 140 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|99 [[einsteinium|Es]] 165 140 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|100 [[fermium|Fm]] 167 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|101 [[mendelevium|Md]] 173 139 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|102 [[nobelium|No]] 176 159 
|style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed black;"|103 [[lawrencium|Lr]] 161 141 
|}

</center>

== Referenser ==
<references/>

[[Kategori:Atomfysik]]

[[ar:نصف قطر تساهمي]]
[[an:Radio covalent]]
[[ast:Radiu covalente]]
[[bcl:Erradio kobalentea]]
[[bg:Ковалентен радиус]]
[[ca:Radi covalent]]
[[cs:Kovalentní poloměr]]
[[de:Kovalenter Radius]]
[[en:Covalent radius]]
[[es:Radio covalente]]
[[eo:Kovalenta radiuso]]
[[eu:Erradio kobalente]]
[[fa:شعاع کووالانسی]]
[[fr:Rayon de covalence]]
[[ko:공유 반지름]]
[[hy:Կովալենտ շառավիղ]]
[[hr:Kovalentni radijus]]
[[it:Raggio covalente]]
[[ka:კოვალენტური რადიუსი]]
[[kk:Коваленттік радиус]]
[[lt:Kovalentinis spindulys]]
[[mk:Ковалентен радиус]]
[[nl:Covalente straal]]
[[ja:共有結合半径]]
[[no:Kovalent radius]]
[[nn:Kovalent radius]]
[[uz:Kovalentlik radiusi]]
[[pl:Promień walencyjny]]
[[pt:Raio covalente]]
[[ru:Ковалентный радиус]]
[[simple:Covalent radius]]
[[sl:Kovalentni polmer]]
[[sr:Ковалентни радијус]]
[[sh:Kovalentni radijus]]
[[fi:Kovalenttinen säde]]
[[th:รัศมีโควาเลนต์]]
[[tr:Kovalent yarıçapı]]
[[uk:Ковалентний радіус]]
[[ur:Covalent radius]]
[[zh:共价半径]]

Kovalent radie - Versionshistorik

Dan Olsson: 1 version